The integration of Global Positioning System (GPS) technology into wearable footwear constitutes one of the most significant advancements at the intersection of consumer electronics and embedded systems engineering. Smart footwear equipped with GPS modules enables real-time geolocation tracking, activity monitoring, navigation assistance, and emergency response capabilities, addressing a wide spectrum of use cases ranging from athletic performance optimization to personal safety for vulnerable populations. This paper presents a systematic examination of the architectural components, hardware-software integration frameworks, communication protocols, and power management strategies that underpin GPS-enabled smart footwear. Through a review of existing literature and an analysis of contemporary commercial implementations, this study identifies the principal technical challenges—including miniaturization constraints, energy consumption, signal accuracy in urban environments, and data privacy—and evaluates proposed solutions. The paper further delineates prospective research trajectories, including the convergence of GPS with inertial measurement units, machine learning-based gait analysis, and low-power wide-area network (LPWAN) connectivity. The findings establish a foundational reference for researchers and engineers engaged in the design and deployment of next-generation wearable positioning systems.