Impact of Electric Vehicle Charging Stations on Urban Power Distribution Networks: A MATLAB-Based Simulation Study on the IEEE 33-Bus System

Kumari, Akriti; Kamra, Dr. Rakhi

doi:https://doi.org/10.55041/ijcope.v2i5.613

Volume 02, Issue 05

Published on: May 2026

IMPACT OF ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGING STATIONS ON URBAN POWER DISTRIBUTION NETWORKS: A MATLAB-BASED SIMULATION STUDY ON THE IEEE 33-BUS SYSTEM

Akriti Kumari Dr. Rakhi Kamra

Dr. Mamta Rani

Dept. of EEE. MSIT, New Delhi.

DOI:https://doi.org/10.55041/ijcope.v2i5.613

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Abstract

The accelerating integration of electric vehicles (EVs) into urban environments places progressively concentrated stress on power distribution infrastructure originally designed for conventional load patterns. This paper presents a rigorous simulation-based investigation into the technical consequences of EV charging stations on the IEEE 33-bus radial distribution system, implemented in MATLAB using a Backward/Forward Sweep (BFS) load flow algorithm. Six structured experiments are conducted: (i) quantification of voltage profile degradation and active power losses under EV penetration levels of 10%, 30%, and 50%; (ii) comparative evaluation of uncoordinated versus coordinated charging strategies; (iii) time-domain analysis contrasting base load, peak EV charging, and controlled charging scenarios; (iv) assessment of random versus optimised strategic EV charging station placement; (v) voltage deviation analysis under uncontrolled and controlled charging; and (vi) optimised charging strategy evaluation. Results demonstrate that uncoordinated 50% EV penetration raises active power losses to approximately 430 kW and suppresses remote bus voltages below 0.87 p.u., while coordinated charging reduces losses by 54.4% to 197.1 kW. Peak simultaneous charging produces losses of 595.4 kW — a 257% escalation above base load — confirming that temporal load management is as consequential as penetration control. Optimised charging yields the lowest voltage deviation profile across all 33 buses, closely approximating base-load conditions. The findings establish a quantitative foundation for evidence-based smart EV charging infrastructure planning in urban distribution networks.

Keywords— Electric Vehicles, EV Charging Stations, IEEE 33-Bus System, Urban Distribution Networks, Backward/Forward Sweep, Voltage Profile, Power Losses, Smart Charging, Optimised Strategic Placement, Vehicle-to-Grid.

How to Cite this Paper

Kumari, A. & Kamra, R. (2026). Impact of Electric Vehicle Charging Stations on Urban Power Distribution Networks: A MATLAB-Based Simulation Study on the IEEE 33-Bus System. International Journal of Creative and Open Research in Engineering and Management, <i>02</i>(05). https://doi.org/10.55041/ijcope.v2i5.613

Kumari, Akriti, and Rakhi Kamra. "Impact of Electric Vehicle Charging Stations on Urban Power Distribution Networks: A MATLAB-Based Simulation Study on the IEEE 33-Bus System." International Journal of Creative and Open Research in Engineering and Management, vol. 02, no. 05, 2026, pp. . doi:https://doi.org/10.55041/ijcope.v2i5.613.

Kumari, Akriti, and Rakhi Kamra. "Impact of Electric Vehicle Charging Stations on Urban Power Distribution Networks: A MATLAB-Based Simulation Study on the IEEE 33-Bus System." International Journal of Creative and Open Research in Engineering and Management 02, no. 05 (2026). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.55041/ijcope.v2i5.613.

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References

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•Published on: May 22 2026

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