One of the key industries that greatly contributes to the economies and food security of many nations, including India, is agriculture. Crop destruction brought on by wild and domesticated animals including cows, buffaloes, monkeys, wild boars, and nilgai invading agricultural areas at night and in early hours of the day is one of the biggest problems farmers confront. These animal incursions result in serious crop damage, decreased agricultural output, and monetary losses for producers. Conventional crop protection techniques like scarecrows, fencing, and human monitoring are frequently hazardous, labor-intensive, and ineffective.

This research paper presents an AI-Based Smart Animal Detection and Crop Protection System that combines Artificial Intelligence (AI), Machine Learning (ML), Internet of Things (IoT), Computer Vision, and automation technologies to offer an intelligent and affordable solution for agricultural security. The system includes PIR motion sensors and camera modules placed around farmland for ongoing real-time monitoring. When motion is detected, the camera takes pictures or videos of the object. A YOLO-based object detection model, along with Computer Vision methods, is used to recognize the type of animal accurately. If an animal is confirmed to have entered the field, the system automatically triggers sound alerts, flashing LED lights, and ultrasonic signals to deter the animals without causing any physical injury. At the same time, real-time SMS and mobile alerts are sent to the farmers using wireless communication technologies like GSM or Wi-Fi.