The construction industry accounts for a substantial share of global CO₂ emissions, with conventional clay and cement-based bricks being among the primary contributors. In response, geopolymer bricks have emerged as a structurally capable and environmentally responsible alternative, synthesized through the alkali activation of aluminosilicate precursors such as fly ash, ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS), metakaolin, and rice husk ash. This review consolidates findings from 45 open-access research studies, primarily from Elsevier and allied journals, published between 2016 and 2026. The paper examines the fundamental chemistry of geopolymerization, the roles of key precursor materials and alkaline activators, and the influence of mix design variables including molarity, silicate-to-hydroxide ratio, curing temperature, and curing duration on the compressive strength, water absorption, flexural strength, and microstructural behavior of geopolymer bricks. Durability characteristics — covering resistance to sulfate attack, acid exposure, chloride penetration, and elevated temperatures — are critically reviewed. Life cycle assessment data consistently demonstrate CO₂ emission reductions of 43–80% compared to ordinary Portland cement bricks. Challenges related to scale-up, cost competitiveness, and standardization are discussed, and a forward-looking future scope aligned with current research gaps is presented.

Keywords— Geopolymer bricks; Fly ash; Alkali activation; Compressive strength; Durability; Life cycle assessment; Sustainable construction.