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International Journal of Creative and Open Research in Engineering and Management

A Peer-Reviewed, Open-Access International Journal Supporting Multidisciplinary Research, Digital Publishing Standards, DOI Registration, and Academic Indexing.
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ISSN: 3108-1754 (Online)
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Peer Review: Double Blind
Volume 02, Issue 04

Published on: April 2026

CASCADING RISKS PROBABILISTIC SCORING OF KARNATAKA'S WATER STRESS CRISIS

Dr NR Jagannath

Article Status

Plagiarism Passed Peer Reviewed Open Access

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Abstract

Karnataka, India's sixth-largest state by area and home to approximately 67 million people, faces a deepening and regionally asymmetric water crisis. Situated at the confluence of three major river basins — the Krishna, Cauvery, and West-flowing coastal rivers — the state presents a stark internal bifurcation: Kalyana Karnataka's arid northern districts are already locked in a condition of extremely high water stress exceeding 80% withdrawal-to-supply ratios, while the Western Ghats-endowed coastal belt retains relative hydrological abundance. This paper delivers a comprehensive analysis of water stress across Karnataka's 32 administrative districts, examining current conditions (2024 baseline) and projecting trends to 2035 using a Random Forest (RF) forecasting model calibrated on historical hydrological, climatic, and socioeconomic data. Leveraging standardised water stress indices derived from the WRI Aqueduct 3.0 sub-basin framework — measuring ratios of total annual water withdrawals to available renewable supply — the study integrates escalation flags and probabilistic risk scores across all districts. The findings reveal a state in accelerating hydrological distress: six districts in Kalyana Karnataka already endure Extremely High stress levels (above 80%), with Vijayapura recording a critical 94.2%. Bengaluru Urban, India's technology capital, carries the single highest escalation probability in the dataset at 91.2%, driven by the convergence of rapid urbanisation, groundwater depletion, and Cauvery supply constraints. Twelve districts — representing approximately 38% of Karnataka's land area and 52% of its population — are projected to shift to a higher stress category by 2035 under the SSP2-RCP4.5 scenarios.

How to Cite this Paper

Jagannath, D. N. (2026). Cascading Risks Probabilistic Scoring of Karnataka's Water Stress Crisis. International Journal of Creative and Open Research in Engineering and Management, <i>02</i>(04). https://doi.org/10.55041/ijcope.v2i4.120

Jagannath, Dr. "Cascading Risks Probabilistic Scoring of Karnataka's Water Stress Crisis." International Journal of Creative and Open Research in Engineering and Management, vol. 02, no. 04, 2026, pp. . doi:https://doi.org/10.55041/ijcope.v2i4.120.

Jagannath, Dr. "Cascading Risks Probabilistic Scoring of Karnataka's Water Stress Crisis." International Journal of Creative and Open Research in Engineering and Management 02, no. 04 (2026). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.55041/ijcope.v2i4.120.

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References

1] World Resources Institute (WRI). "Aqueduct Water Risk Atlas 3.0." 2023. https://www.wri.org/aqueduct

[2] IPCC. "Sixth Assessment Report: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability (AR6 WGII)." 2022. https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg2/

[3] Central Ground Water Board (CGWB). "District Groundwater Profiles — Karnataka." 2022. https://cgwb.gov.in

[4] FAO — AQUASTAT. "Global Information System on Water and Agriculture." 2022. https://www.fao.org/aquastat

[5] JICA / Karnataka Water Resources Dept. "Karnataka Water Sector Improvement Project Report." 2023. https://www.jica.go.jp

[6] Ministry of Jal Shakti, Govt of India. "National Water Policy." 2020. https://jalshakti-dowr.gov.in

[7] Central Water Commission (CWC). "Krishna and Cauvery Basin Reports." 2022. https://cwc.gov.in

[8] World Bank. "High and Dry: Climate Change, Water and the Economy." 2016. https://www.worldbank.org

[9] India-WRIS. "Water Resources Information System of India." 2023. https://indiawris.gov.in

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  • All submissions are screened under plagiarism detection.
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  • Peer Review Type: Double-Blind Peer Review
  • Published on: Apr 08 2026
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