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International Journal of Creative and Open Research in Engineering and Management

A Peer-Reviewed, Open-Access International Journal Supporting Multidisciplinary Research, Digital Publishing Standards, DOI Registration, and Academic Indexing.
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ISSN: 3108-1754 (Online)
Crossref DOI: Available
ISO Certification: 9001:2015
Publication Fee: 599/- INR
Compliance: UGC Journal Norms
License: CC BY 4.0
Peer Review: Double Blind
Volume 02, Issue 8

Published on: August 2026

COW MILK AS A NATURAL FUNGICIDE: A COMPARATIVE THREE-YEAR FIELD STUDY OF ANTIFUNGAL EFFICACY AGAINST POWDERY MILDEW

Dr Rakesh Verma Dr Sonia Verma

J&K Forest Services

MD/CEO Synergetic Green Warriors Foundation.
DOI:https://doi.org/10.55041/ijcope.v2i8.044

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Plagiarism Passed Peer Reviewed Open Access

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Abstract

Powdery mildew (Podosphaera spp.) represents a significant threat to agricultural productivity, necessitating the exploration of eco-friendly alternatives to synthetic fungicides. This comprehensive three-year study (2023-2026) evaluated the antifungal efficacy of cow, goat, and buffalo milk at 10% concentration against powdery mildew using 750 samples per year (250 per treatment group). Statistical analysis revealed that cow milk demonstrated superior fungicidal activity with 85.7% inhibition efficiency at 21 days post-treatment, significantly outperforming goat milk (67.3%) and buffalo milk (58.9%). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) confirmed significant differences among treatment groups (F(2, 747) = 124.56, p < 0.001), with cow milk showing the longest disease reappearance interval (21-23 days). This research provides robust empirical evidence supporting cow milk as an effective, sustainable, and economically viable fungicide for organic farming systems.

Keywords: natural fungicide, powdery mildew, cow milk, organic farming, antifungal activity, sustainable agriculture, Podosphaera spp.

How to Cite this Paper

Verma, D. R. & Verma, D. S. (2026). Cow Milk as a Natural Fungicide: A Comparative Three-Year Field Study of Antifungal Efficacy Against Powdery Mildew. International Journal of Creative and Open Research in Engineering and Management, <i>02</i>(8), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.55041/ijcope.v2i8.044

Verma, Dr, and Dr Verma. "Cow Milk as a Natural Fungicide: A Comparative Three-Year Field Study of Antifungal Efficacy Against Powdery Mildew." International Journal of Creative and Open Research in Engineering and Management, vol. 02, no. 8, 2026, pp. 1-9. doi:https://doi.org/10.55041/ijcope.v2i8.044.

Verma, Dr, and Dr Verma. "Cow Milk as a Natural Fungicide: A Comparative Three-Year Field Study of Antifungal Efficacy Against Powdery Mildew." International Journal of Creative and Open Research in Engineering and Management 02, no. 8 (2026): 1-9. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.55041/ijcope.v2i8.044.

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References


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  • •All submissions are screened under plagiarism detection.
  • •Review follows editorial policy.
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  • •Peer Review Type: Double-Blind Peer Review
  • •Published on: Aug 12 2026
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