Fire is one of the most critical accidental actions that reinforced concrete (RC) structures may face in service, yet the three major design codes — IS 456:2000 (India), ACI 216.1-07 (USA), and EN 1992-1-2:2004 (Europe) — approach the problem through fundamentally different methods and account for very different sets of design parameters. This paper reviews published experimental, numerical, and analytical research on the fire resistance of RC beams and frames, covering the temperature-dependent behaviour of concrete and reinforcing steel, the influence of structural and material parameters on fire endurance, a direct comparison of the three code methods, fire scenario effects on RC frame structures, and thermal strain modelling under load. The review finds that corner-bar temperature rise at intermediate fire durations is the key failure trigger in simply supported beams, that steel yield grade changes fire endurance in a way that the Indian prescriptive code cannot detect, and that the analytical method of EN 1992-1-2:2004 gives more physically reliable results than empirical chart methods. The paper also points to specific gaps in Indian fire design practice and outlines directions for future work.