Workplace discrimination and harassment remain persistent challenges in India despite significant economic growth and increasing workforce diversity. This study examines the nature, extent, and legal challenges associated with various forms of workplace discrimination, including gender, caste, age, disability, and sexual harassment. Such practices not only violate fundamental rights but also create hostile work environments that adversely affect employee morale, productivity, and overall organizational performance.

The paper analyzes the existing legal framework in India, including key legislations aimed at preventing and addressing workplace discrimination and harassment. While these laws provide a structured mechanism for protection and redressal, their effectiveness is hindered by inadequate implementation, lack of awareness, insufficient reporting systems, and procedural ambiguities. Special emphasis is placed on the Sexual Harassment of Women at Workplace (Prevention, Prohibition and Redressal) Act, 2013, highlighting issues such as limited coverage, subjective interpretation of harassment, and challenges in the functioning of Internal Complaints Committees.