Renewable energy has emerged as a central pillar of global sustainability initiatives due to increasing concerns regarding climate change, environmental degradation, fossil fuel depletion, and energy security. The transition from conventional fossil-fuel-based energy systems toward renewable energy technologies is essential for achieving sustainable development goals and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. This review critically examines the role of renewable energy in promoting environmental, economic, and social sustainability. Major renewable energy technologies, including solar, wind, hydropower, and biomass systems, are evaluated in terms of their sustainability contributions, technological advancements, and implementation challenges. The review further explores the integration of Industry 4.0 technologies, artificial intelligence, circular economy principles, and sustainability assessment frameworks in enhancing renewable energy deployment. Current challenges, opportunities, and future research priorities are discussed to provide a comprehensive understanding of renewable energy's contribution toward a sustainable future.

Keywords: Renewable energy, sustainability, sustainable development, climate change, solar energy, circular economy, Industry 4.0, sustainable manufacturing.