Published on: September 2026
SPECTRAL WATERMARKING TECHNIQUES FOR CLOSED-LOOP RESILIENCE IN ELECTRIFIED MULTI-ECHELON LOGISTICS
Padma B
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Abstract
Embedding uses exponential modulation and structured displacement in the (ω, τ) plane already used to watch bullwhip and electrical resonance. Detection is a windowed agreement statistic with an explicit sequential test for window length. The mark is semi-fragile by design: lawful delay appears as a translation; spliced dwell and replayed charger traces do not. The same scalar health index that prices spectral ringing in the green stage cost also reports watermark integrity into the horizon objective. Urban corridors, solar-assisted packs, discrete packing, and human override stay inside the loop. No new transform is claimed. The contribution is to write watermarking as a first-class observer output rather than as a media afterthought.
Keywords: spectral watermark; FKF modulation; digital twin; ledger integrity; electrified logistics; closed-loop resilience
How to Cite this Paper
B, P. (2026). Spectral Watermarking Techniques for Closed-Loop Resilience in Electrified Multi-Echelon Logistics. International Journal of Creative and Open Research in Engineering and Management, <i>02</i>(9), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.55041/ijcope.v2i9.170
B, Padma. "Spectral Watermarking Techniques for Closed-Loop Resilience in Electrified Multi-Echelon Logistics." International Journal of Creative and Open Research in Engineering and Management, vol. 02, no. 9, 2026, pp. 1-9. doi:https://doi.org/10.55041/ijcope.v2i9.170.
B, Padma. "Spectral Watermarking Techniques for Closed-Loop Resilience in Electrified Multi-Echelon Logistics." International Journal of Creative and Open Research in Engineering and Management 02, no. 9 (2026): 1-9. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.55041/ijcope.v2i9.170.
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