Published on: October 2026
WHEN THE MACHINE BECOMES THE OTHER: RETHINKING CONSCIOUSNESS, ATTACHMENT, AND PERSONHOOD IN HUMAN–AI RELATIONSHIPS
Aditi Mishra Dr. Vibha Goyal Ankush Gautam
Article Status
Available Documents
Abstract
Agency by William Gibson, and Robopocalypse by Daniel H. Wilson. It is a synthesis of
psychoanalytic theory, critical posthumanism and philosophy of mind and ethics. Freud's concept of the uncanny, Bowlby's object-relations theory and the concept of attachment theory,
Winnicott's concept of the transitional object, and Lacan's concept of subject formation provide some explanation for how humans can develop emotionally significant relationships with artificial objects knowing that they are technologically manufactured. Hayles and Braidotti
complicate the dichotomy of human and machine by stressing the use of technology as a mediation, distributed cognition and the politics of the conditions under which personhood is recognized. The philosophical discussions about consciousness, moral status and agency argue that one should not simply assume that if a system behaves intelligently then it is human, and conversely that its artificiality should be given as conclusive evidence of ethical irrelevance. The article states that the human-AI relationship is relational, technologically mediated, and institutionally structured. Literature does not show that machines are conscious, rather literature becomes a place where the psychological and ethical implications of uncertainty can be explored. Keywords: human-AI relationship, psychoanalysis, critical post-humanism, consciousness, attachment, personhood, moral status, science fiction.
How to Cite this Paper
Mishra, A., Goyal, V. & Gautam, A. (2026). When the Machine Becomes the Other: Rethinking Consciousness, Attachment, and Personhood in Human–AI Relationships. International Journal of Creative and Open Research in Engineering and Management, <i>02</i>(10), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.55041/ijcope.v2i10.026
Mishra, Aditi, et al.. "When the Machine Becomes the Other: Rethinking Consciousness, Attachment, and Personhood in Human–AI Relationships." International Journal of Creative and Open Research in Engineering and Management, vol. 02, no. 10, 2026, pp. 1-9. doi:https://doi.org/10.55041/ijcope.v2i10.026.
Mishra, Aditi,Vibha Goyal, and Ankush Gautam. "When the Machine Becomes the Other: Rethinking Consciousness, Attachment, and Personhood in Human–AI Relationships." International Journal of Creative and Open Research in Engineering and Management 02, no. 10 (2026): 1-9. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.55041/ijcope.v2i10.026.
References
Bowlby, John. Attachment and Loss. Vol. 1, Attachment. Basic Books, 1969. Braidotti, Rosi. The Posthuman. Polity, 2013.Chalmers, David J. The Conscious Mind: In Search of a Fundamental Theory. Oxford UP, 1996. Frankfurt, Harry G. “Freedom of the Will and the Concept of a Person.” The Journal of Philosophy, vol. 68, no. 1, 1971, pp. 5–20.
Freud, Sigmund. “The Uncanny.” 1919. Translated by David McLintock, The Uncanny, Penguin Classics, 2003.
Gibson, William. Agency. Berkley, 2020.
Hayles, N. Katherine. How We Became Posthuman: Virtual Bodies in Cybernetics, Literature, and Informatics. U of Chicago P, 1999.
Ihde, Don. Technology and the Lifeworld: From Garden to Earth. Indiana UP, 1990. Ishiguro, Kazuo. Klara and the Sun. Faber and Faber, 2021.
Klein, Melanie. Envy and Gratitude and Other Works, 1946–1963. Hogarth Press, 1975.
Lacan, Jacques. “The Mirror Stage as Formative of the Function of the I.” Écrits, translated by Bruce Fink, W. W. Norton, 2006.
McEwan, Ian. Machines Like Me. Jonathan Cape, 2019.
Mori, Masahiro. “The Uncanny Valley.” IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine, vol. 19, no. 2, 2012, pp. 98–100.
Nagel, Thomas. “What Is It Like to Be a Bat?” The Philosophical Review, vol. 83, no. 4, 1974, pp. 435–450.
Newitz, Annalee. Autonomous. Tor, 2017.
Strawson, Peter F. “Freedom and Resentment.” Proceedings of the British Academy, vol. 48, 1962, pp. 187–211.
Verbeek, Peter-Paul. Moralizing Technology: Understanding and Designing the Morality of Things. U of Chicago P, 2011.
Wallach, Wendell, and Colin Allen. Moral Machines: Teaching Robots Right from Wrong. Oxford UP, 2009.
Wilson, Daniel H. Robopocalypse. Doubleday, 2011. Winnicott, D. W. Playing and Reality. Routledge, 1971.
Ethical Compliance & Review Process
- •All submissions are screened under plagiarism detection.
- •Review follows editorial policy.
- •Authors retain copyright.
- •Peer Review Type: Double-Blind Peer Review
- •Published on: Oct 07 2026
This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. You are free to share and adapt this work for non-commercial purposes with proper attribution.

